Technical Overviews of Microscopes and Microscopy

3D and 4D Electron Tomography

3D-EM Laboratories

Listing of Laboratories from the 3DEM Web site

Link: 3D-EM Laboratories

4D Electron Tomography

Electron tomography provides three-dimensional (3D) imaging of noncrystalline and crystalline equilibrium structures, as well as elemental volume composition, of materials and biological specimens, including those of viruses and cells. This paper describes the development of 4D electron tomography by integrating the fourth dimension (time resolution) with the 3D spatial resolution obtained from a complete tilt series of 2D projections of an object

From: FEI Company
Link: 4D Electron Tomography

Antique Microscopes

Microscopy from the very beginning

a brief history of Carl Zeiss

Link: Microscopy from the very beginning

Cameras for Microscopes

Digital Imaging in Optical Microscopy

A web-based instructional format that starts with the basics and proceeds through the most current research techniques in microscopy. Created by Olympus and Molecular Expressions.

From: Olympus America, Inc.
Link: Digital Imaging in Optical Microscopy

Digital Imaging in Optical Microscopy

From Digital Imaging in Optical Microscopy, Nikon MicroscopyU

Link: Digital Imaging in Optical Microscopy

EMCCD.com

www.EMCCD.com is a forum for discussion and ideas about Electron Multiplying CCD technology. The information within this site is designed to educate you about this powerful new technology, how and where it is being applied.

From: Andor Technology plc
Link: EMCCD.com

Introduction to Digital Imaging

A collection of articles covering all aspects of digital imaging technology. From Molecular Expressions, Michael W. Davidson, Mortimer Abramowitz, Olympus America Inc., and The Florida State University

Link: Introduction to Digital Imaging

Photomicrography

From: Olympus America, Inc.
Link: Photomicrography

Compound Microscopes

Amateurmicrography Front Page

An online bulletin board community dedicated to photomacrography, amateur microscopy, and photomicrography.

Link: Amateurmicrography Front Page

Basic Concepts in Optical Microscopy

Molecular Expressions Microscapes Primer is a top site for light microscopy information.

Link: Basic Concepts in Optical Microscopy

Differential Interference Contrast

From: Nikon Instruments USA
Link: Differential Interference Contrast

Introduction to Polarized Light Microscopy

An excellent introduction.

From: Nikon Instruments USA
Link: Introduction to Polarized Light Microscopy

micro*scope

The biodiversity of microbes is represented in a collection of over 10,000 microbe images from researchers and enthusiasts. The images are well organized and easily located by taxonomic classification, alphabetically, and environment.

Link: micro*scope

microbes.info

Well-maintained, frequently updated website providing useful microbiology links, including links to feature articles and microbiology-related news stories

Link: microbes.info

Microscope Basics and Beyond

Overview of compund microscopes including the basics, lens aberration, Koehler illumination, conjugate plates, and resolution.

From: Olympus America, Inc.
Link: Microscope Basics and Beyond

Microscope Optical Systems

From: Nikon Instruments USA
Link: Microscope Optical Systems

Microscopies

Le site des Microscopistes Amateurs

Link: Microscopies

Polarizing, Petrographic, Geological

Link: Polarizing, Petrographic, Geological

Principles and Applications of Interferometry

An excellent introduction.

From: Nikon Instruments USA
Link: Principles and Applications of Interferometry

Principles of Phase Contrast Microscopy

From: Nikon Instruments USA
Link: Principles of Phase Contrast Microscopy

Specialized Microscopy Techniques

From: Olympus America, Inc.
Link: Specialized Microscopy Techniques

Confocal Microscope

Concepts in Confocal Microscopy

An extensive collection of articles covering fundamentals, instrumentations, applications, and terminology. From leading experts in confocal microscopy including Michael W. Davidson and Olympus America Inc.

From: Olympus America, Inc.
Link: Concepts in Confocal Microscopy

Confocal Microscopy

Excellent overview and introduction to confocal microscopy.

Link: Confocal Microscopy

Fundamental Concepts in Confocal Microscopy

From basic concepts to advance articles on aberrations, three-color imaging, and confocal reflection microscopy from leading experts.

From: Nikon Instruments USA
Link: Fundamental Concepts in Confocal Microscopy

Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy

Molecular Expressions' articles including those done in conjunction with Nikon MicroscopyU and Olympus America Inc.

Link: Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy

Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy

Highly recommended resource. Nathan S. Claxton, Thomas J. Fellers, and Michael W. Davidson

Link: Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy

Spinning Disk Confocal Microscopy

Review spinning disk microscopy from a historical perspective, as well as current instrumentation that is being used today. Also included is information on resolution and digital camera systems.

From: Carl Zeiss MicroImaging, Inc.
Link: Spinning Disk Confocal Microscopy

EDX Microanalysis

Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS)

Link: Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS)

Oxford Instruments X-ray Microanalysis Site

The site includes tutorials on Energy dispersive spectrometry hardware, Wavelength dispersive X-ray microanalysis and Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis for the TEM and the on-line microanalysis encyclopaedia.

From: Oxford Instruments NanoAnalysis
Link: Oxford Instruments X-ray Microanalysis Site

Publications, Presentations & Articles from EDAX

Online access to publications.

Link: Publications, Presentations & Articles from EDAX

Electron Backscatter EBSD

Backscatter Kikuchi Diffraction

This web site provides a short introduction to Automated Crystal Orientation Measurement (ACOM) by Backscatter Kikuchi Diffraction (BKD) in the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).

Link: Backscatter Kikuchi Diffraction

Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD)

Link: Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD)

General EBSD Bibliography

Compiled by EDAX, this bibliography contains references to papers primarily found in archival journals and conference proceedings where EBSD is either the focus or used in the analysis.

Link: General EBSD Bibliography

Oxford Instruments Analytical www.ebsd.com

The EBSD for Beginners covers the basics of the techniques and its applications. For a more through discussion select EBSD Explained. or Applications.

From: Oxford Instruments NanoAnalysis
Link: Oxford Instruments Analytical www.ebsd.com

EM Preparation

IHC World

Online information center for immunohistochemistry

From: IHC World
Link: IHC World

TEM Sample Preparation Guide

Preparation for Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) guide in English and French includes thinning, cleaving, polishing, and replicating of materials as well as ultramicrotomy and tissue staining.

Link: TEM Sample Preparation Guide

EMPA & WDS

Electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA)

Link: Electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA)

General Information from Microanlyst.net

Information, software and web portal about microanalysis with X-ray spectrometer (EDX) in Electron Microscope (EPMA) and excitation with focussed X-ray beam

From: American Science and Surplus
Link: General Information from Microanlyst.net

Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis Expalined

Overview of Wavelength Dispersive X-ray microanalysis.

From: Oxford Instruments Pte Ltd
Link: Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis Expalined

Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (WDS)

Overview of Wavelength Dispersive X-ray microanalysis.

Link: Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (WDS)

Field Ion Microscopy

Atom Optics and Helium Atom Microscopy

Summary of project to devlopme a helium atom microscopy that provides an imaging technique with the uniquely delicate helium atom probe

Link: Atom Optics and Helium Atom Microscopy

Fluorescence Multi Photon

Concepts in Fluorescence Microscopy

From: Nikon Instruments USA
Link: Concepts in Fluorescence Microscopy

HR Electron Microscopy

The TEAM Project

Transmission Electron Aberration-Corrected Microscope will provide unprecedented opportunities to observe atomic scale order, electronic structure and dynamics of individual nanostructures.

Link: The TEAM Project

Raman FTIR & UV/Vis/NIR

All aspects of Raman spectroscopy

Link: All aspects of Raman spectroscopy

Scanning Electron Microscopes

Electron microscope (FESEM)

Includes technical introduction to scanning and transmission electron microscopy with emphasise on FESEM and image gallery.

Link: Electron microscope (FESEM)

Electron Microscopy

The goal of this site is to explain the basics of most electron microscopy methods without giving too much of the complex theory and mathematics behind it. Thus, reading these pages can in no way substitute the study of textbooks.

Link: Electron Microscopy

How Scanning Electron Microscopes Work

From: HowStuffWorks
Link: How Scanning Electron Microscopes Work

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

Link: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

SEM Q&A

A compilation of frequently asked questions received by the JEOL staff during demonstrations and training. Such as: how to mount powder samples, selecting the accelerating voltage, stereoscopic observation techniques, and more.

From: JEOL USA, Inc.
Link: SEM Q&A

SEM: Scanning Electron Microscope A to Z – Basic Knowledge for Using the SEM

An Ebook that includes the basic principals of operation, image display, the role of secondary and backscattered electron detectors, and the vacuum system. Further explanation of the SEM includes edge effect, the influence of accelerating voltage, the illumination effect of secondary and backscatter electron detectors, techniques for improving image resolution, benefits of different types of electron guns, elemental analysis, and sample preparation.

From: JEOL USA, Inc.
Link: SEM: Scanning Electron Microscope A to Z – Basic Knowledge for Using the SEM

Scanning Probe, AFM

AFM FAQs

Frequently Asked Questions about Atomic Force Microscopy

Link: AFM FAQs

Library from Veeco Instruments

An extensive collection of reference articles and applications.

From: Veeco Instruments
Link: Library from Veeco Instruments

Overview of Scanning Probe Microscopy Techniques

From: Nanoscience Instruments
Link: Overview of Scanning Probe Microscopy Techniques

Scanning Probe Microscopy: SPM

Link: Scanning Probe Microscopy: SPM

Ultrahigh Resolution Optical Microscopy

Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy (SNOM).

Link: Ultrahigh Resolution Optical Microscopy

X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)

X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) overview and links to applications.

Link: X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)

Staining and Embedding

IHC World

Online information center for immunohistochemistry

From: IHC World
Link: IHC World

immunoportal.com

Immunohistochemistry and In Situ Hybridization: A Comprehensive List of Resources on the Internet. Includes a detailed look at immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and in situ hybridizations. Discussion board, photogallery, and related links.

From: IHC World
Link: immunoportal.com

Stereo and Inspection

Basic Concepts and Formulas in Microscopy

From: Nikon Instruments USA
Link: Basic Concepts and Formulas in Microscopy

e-Journal of NDT

The Web's largest searchable database of NDT literature, products and services.

Link: e-Journal of NDT

Surface Science Auger XPS

Scanning Auger Microscopy (SAM)

Scanning Auger Microscopy (SAM) overview and links to applications.

Link: Scanning Auger Microscopy (SAM)

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS)

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) overview and links to applications.

Link: Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS)

Surface Science Techniques

Listing of online surface science lecture courses. Lecture courses are integrated by topic.

Link: Surface Science Techniques

Tranmission Electron TEM

About STEM

The history and overview section provides an introduction to STEM.

Link: About STEM

Development of 200kV Atomic Resolution Analytical Microscope

From: JEOL USA, Inc.
Link: Development of 200kV Atomic Resolution Analytical Microscope

Electron Microscopy For Chemists

Overview of the advances in transmission electron microscopes atomic level imaging and elemental analysis that move the TEM into the realm of analytical chemistry.

Link: Electron Microscopy For Chemists

EM Outreach

Complete course notes.

Link: EM Outreach

X-ray Microscopy

What is a synchrotron? A super microscope and A Light for Science

Link: What is a synchrotron? A super microscope and A Light for Science

General Interest

From Bones to Atoms: Imaging Nature Across Dimensions

Looking inside cells and tissues by optical sectioning with a confocal laser scanning microscope

Link: From Bones to Atoms: Imaging Nature Across Dimensions

Geology

Polarizing, Petrographic, Geological

Link: Polarizing, Petrographic, Geological

Introduction to Polarized Light Microscopy

An excellent introduction.

From: Nikon Instruments USA
Link: Introduction to Polarized Light Microscopy

Histology Pathology

IHC World

Online information center for immunohistochemistry

From: IHC World
Link: IHC World

immunoportal.com

Immunohistochemistry and In Situ Hybridization: A Comprehensive List of Resources on the Internet. Includes a detailed look at immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and in situ hybridizations. Discussion board, photogallery, and related links.

From: IHC World
Link: immunoportal.com

K to 12

Amateurmicrography Front Page

An online bulletin board community dedicated to photomacrography, amateur microscopy, and photomicrography.

Link: Amateurmicrography Front Page

Microbiology

micro*scope

The biodiversity of microbes is represented in a collection of over 10,000 microbe images from researchers and enthusiasts. The images are well organized and easily located by taxonomic classification, alphabetically, and environment.

Link: micro*scope

microbes.info

Well-maintained, frequently updated website providing useful microbiology links, including links to feature articles and microbiology-related news stories

Link: microbes.info

QC & Failure Analysis

e-Journal of NDT

The Web's largest searchable database of NDT literature, products and services.

Link: e-Journal of NDT